Which of the following waves is not typically classified as a breaking wave?

A standing wave is not typically classified as a breaking wave because it is a type of wave that remains relatively stationary and does not move forward like the others. Standing waves occur when waves of the same frequency and amplitude travel in opposite directions and interfere with each other, creating nodal points where there is little or no movement. This phenomenon can often be observed in bodies of water where waves bounce back and forth between solid structures such as shorelines or piers.

In contrast, spilling, plunging, and surging waves are characterized by their breaking behaviors. Spilling waves gently break as they approach the shore, gradually releasing energy and creating foamy water. Plunging waves are steeper and break more violently, often forming a "curl" as they crash. Surging waves, on the other hand, do not break in the traditional sense but instead surge up the beach with a sudden rush of water. Thus, standing waves are distinguished from these other types by their non-breaking nature.