Which boundary current moves water in a direction from the equator towards the poles?

The western boundary current is the correct choice because it is characterized by the movement of warm water from the equator towards the poles. These currents are typically found on the western edges of ocean basins and are part of the larger ocean circulation system. For example, the Gulf Stream, a prominent western boundary current, transports warm water from the tropics northward along the eastern coast of the United States, playing a key role in regulating climate.

In contrast, other types of currents, like eastern boundary currents, generally move cooler water from the poles toward the equator. Transverse currents refer to those that flow across the ocean, typically in the east-west direction, and may not specifically convey water from the equator to the poles. Surface currents move primarily in the upper layers of the ocean and can include various directions but are not exclusive to one specific route or temperature gradient as the western boundary currents are. This makes the western boundary current the defining feature of equatorial to polar water movement in oceanographic studies.