What is the primary method by which scientists study ocean currents?

Satellite altimetry is a primary method used by scientists to study ocean currents because it allows for the remote sensing of sea surface heights across vast areas of the ocean. By measuring the slight variations in the height of the sea surface caused by gravitational effects, scientists can infer the presence and strength of ocean currents. These measurements provide crucial data for understanding large-scale ocean circulation patterns and the movement of heat and nutrients in the ocean.

Using satellite altimetry is advantageous because it covers large areas and provides data that are spatially and temporally consistent. This technology can capture changes in ocean surface height over time, revealing dynamic features such as eddies and gyres, and allowing researchers to understand current behaviors on a global scale. The information gathered by satellites can integrate with other data sources, leading to a comprehensive understanding of how ocean currents interact with climate and weather systems, and their role in global climate change.

Other methods listed, such as temperature recording devices, buoys, and underwater drones, are valuable for specific studies or localized research but do not provide the extensive coverage and broad perspective that satellite altimetry does. While buoys can track ocean currents at specific locations, they lack the widespread data capability of satellite systems. Each method has its role, but satellite