Name the phenomenon that affects climate patterns globally due to the interaction between ocean and atmosphere.

El Niño is a significant climatic phenomenon that arises from complex interactions between the ocean and the atmosphere, primarily in the equatorial Pacific region. This event is characterized by the periodic warming of sea surface temperatures in this area, which can have far-reaching impacts on global weather patterns.

During an El Niño event, the trade winds that normally blow westward along the equator weaken, leading to changes in ocean current patterns. This shift affects regional weather systems, causing alterations in precipitation and temperature patterns well beyond the Pacific region. For instance, areas that typically experience dry conditions may see increased rainfall, while regions accustomed to wetter climates may face drought.

The implications of El Niño can be profound, influencing agriculture, fisheries, and even causing socioeconomic impacts globally. Therefore, its influence on climate patterns makes it a critical factor in understanding global meteorological phenomena and climate variability.